2010 Minimum Standards of Horse Care in the State of California (PDF: 63 pages, 24.67 MB)
--by Grant Miller, DVM; Carolyn Stull, MS, PhD; and Gregory Ferraro, DVM; published by the Center for Equine Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis.
Animal Care Guidelines
Dairy Welfare Evaluation GuideBeef Care Practices
Swine Care Practices (PDF: 25pp, 68KB)
Goat Care Practices (PDF: 30pp, 728KB)
Broiler Care Practices (PDF: 28pp, 88KB)
Egg-Type Layer Flock Practices (PDF: 25pp, 128KB)
Turkey Care Practices (PDF: 29pp, 152KB)
Euthanasia Guidelines
Emergency Euthanasia of Horses (PDF: 9pp. 152KB)
Emergency Euthanasia of Sheep and Goats (PDF: 10pp, 144KB)
On-Farm Livestock Euthanasia (2004) and Euthanasia Action Plan; also in Spanish:
—Interactive videos developed by the Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Davis
—From the American Association of Bovine Practitioners
On Farm Euthanasia of Swine-Options for the Producer; also in Spanish: Eutanasia en la Granja Opciones para el productor
—From the American Association of Swine Veterinarians
Dairy Cattle Topics
Tail docking
—JAVMA Vol. 220, No. 9, pps. 1298-1303, May 1, 2002, Carolyn L. Stull, PhD; Michael A. Payne, DVM, PhD; Steven L. Berry, DVM, MPVM; Pamela J. Hullinger, DVM, MPVM, DACVPM
"The practice of tail docking of dairy cows appears to have originated in New Zealand and by the 1990s was a common procedure in that country. A variety of benefits have been attributed to tail docking, including improved comfort for milking personnel and enhanced udder and milk hygiene. Although the practice has been increasing in US dairy herds, its reported benefits have been questioned by researchers who raise concerns related to animal welfare and efficacy. In a survey conducted in New Zealand, tail docking was viewed as a welfare concern by 60% of the general public and, interestingly, 53% of nondairy farmers. It is likely that US consumers will have similar concerns. In the United States, the issue ultimately may be resolved through trade negotiations or legislation. Veterinarians will need to address these issues in their practices and when developing position statements for various professional associations. It is likely that veterinarians will be key advisors in deliberations within the dairy industry and a credible source of information for consumers.""Our working hypothesis for this review was that there is no benefit to tail docking of dairy cattle. Lay publications were evaluated to determine the alleged purpose and management factors associated with the practice of tail docking in the dairy industry. Computer-assisted databases (MEDLINE, BIOSIS, and AGRICOLA) were used to identify the peer-reviewed scientific literature available. Governmental and regulatory reports from a variety of countries also were collected and reviewed."The complete article is available on the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Web site.
Tail Docking in Dairy Cattle (PDF: 2pp, 16KB)
—White paper, April 13, 2004
Non-Ambulatory Cattle
What to do about downer cows? (PDF: 2pp, 548KB)
—by Hoard's Dairyman staff, Hoard's West, August 25, 2008, by permission
Herd Health: Treat Your Animals Well (PDF: 3pp, 876KB)
—by Ron Goble, CA Western DairyBusiness, August 2008, by permission
—JAVMA Vol. 231, No. 2, pps. 227-234, July 15, 2007; Carolyn L. Stull, PhD; Michael A. Payne, DVM, PhD; Steven L. Berry, DVM, MPVM; James P. Reynolds, DVM, MPVM
"A major animal welfare issue facing the livestock industry is the care, handling, and transport of nonambulatory cattle. Consumers, researchers, practitioners, and animal protection organizations have questioned the quality of care provided to and management of nonambulatory cattle and raised questions about possible food safety concerns. Veterinarians and producers continue to be challenged with providing quality care for nonambulatory cattle. In addition, veterinarians are recognized as a credible source of information for consumers, regulators, and policy makers. Thus, it would be beneficial to provide peer-reviewed information to practitioners and others who must make clinical and policy decisions.""Several sources were searched by use of various key words to identify relevant peer-reviewed citations for the information reported here. In addition, governmental and lay reports were reviewed to ascertain policies, regulations, and historical data concerning nonambulatory cattle. Existing peer-reviewed information was considered adequate by the authors for the development of recommended on-farm management practices that could result in a decrease in the incidence of, an improvement in the prognosis for, and a benefit to the well-being of nonambulatory cattle."The complete article is available on the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Web site.
Cull Cows
Dairy Beef: Maximizing Quality and Profits—UC Cooperative Extension has developed an on-line teaching tool with videos and slide sets specifically addressing market dairy "cull" cows
Cull Cow Transport Checklist / Barn Chart
(PDF: 8.5 x 11 inch flier, 220KB)
(PDF: 16.5 x 25.5 inch poster, 400KB)
—By Carolyn Stull, MS, PhD, Animal Welfare Specialist in Veterinary Medicine Cooperative Extension, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, and James Reynolds, DVM, MPVM, Dairy Production Medicine Service Chief, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis
(PDF in Spanish: 8.5 x 11 inch flier, 250KB)
(PDF in Spanish: 11 x 17 inch poster, 389KB)
Care for the Downer Cow / Flier, Poster
(PDF: 8.5 x 11 inch flier, 2.8 MB)
(PDF: 11 x 17 inch poster, 5 MB)
—By Carolyn Stull, MS, PhD, Animal Welfare Specialist in Veterinary Medicine Cooperative Extension, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis; Steven Berry, DVM, Dairy Specialist, Department of Animal Science, UC Davis; James Reynolds, DVM, MPVM, Dairy Production Medicine Service Chief, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis; and Michael Payne, DVM, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis
(PDF in Spanish: 8.5 x 11 inch flier, 316KB)
(PDF in Spanish: 11 x 17 inch poster, 509KB)
Calves
Stress and Dairy Calves (PDF: 5pp, 16KB)
—UC Davis Animal Science Field Day, June 24, 1997
Assorted Topics
Wildfires, Smoke and Livestock (PDF: 4pp, 232KB)
—By John Madigan, David Wilson and Carolyn Stull, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
Welfare Concerns: Tail Docking of Sheep (Word document: 3pp, 56KB)
—A white paper by Carolyn Stull, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis
Equine Topics
New!
Unwanted Horses
Minimum Standards of Horse Care in the State of California
Grant Miller, Carolyn Stull and Gregory Ferraro,
November 2010
This publication serves to assist law enforcement officials with equine abuse, neglect, and cruelty cases by establishing the minimum legal standards required for the care of horses in California. It cites scientific support for the minimum standards of water, feed, shelter, health care, and transportation. Additionally, the Appendix provides pertinent California and federal equine related statutes and regulations for care and use of horses. A minimum standards evaluative check list is also provided for use in neglect and abuse situations.
Download Minimum Standards (PDF: 63 pages, 24.67 MB)
Unwanted horses: The Role of Non-Profit Equine Rescue and Sanctuary Organizations
K. E. Holcomb, C. L. Stull, and P. H. Kass
Journal of Animal Science (2010)88: 4142-4150 (PDF)
Due to the recent sharp increase in the number of unwanted horses throughout the US, with estimates totaling 100,000 horses per year, the objective of the study was to obtain comprehensive data regarding non-profit organizations caring for unwanted horses, along with the characteristics and outcome of horses relinquished to these organizations. Non-profit organizations that accept relinquished equines were contacted to participate in a 90-question survey. Responding organizations (144 of 236 eligible) in 37 states provided information on 280 cases representative of the 7,990 horses relinquished between 2007 and 2009. Data collected characterized these organizations as being in existence for 6 yr, financially supported through donations and personal funds, dedicated to the care of only 10 to 20 horses on a property of just over 30 acres, and reliant on volunteers for help. Funding was the greatest challenge to continued operation of non-profit equine organizations, with maintenance costs for the care of a relinquished horse averaging $3,648 per year. Financial hardship, physical inability or lack of time to care for the horses by owners were the most common reasons for relinquishment, followed by seizure through law enforcement agencies for alleged neglect or abuse. Relinquished horses consisted of mostly light horse breeds (79.3%), with Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses as the most represented breeds. The age of relinquished horses ranged from 3 d to 42 yr old (12.4 ± 0.5 yr). About half of the horses entered in the survey were considered unhealthy due to illness, injury, lameness, or low body condition. For every 4 horses relinquished to a non-profit organization, only 3 horses were adopted or sold between 2006 and 2009, and many organizations had refused to accept additional horses for lack of resources. The estimated maximum capacity for the 326 eligible registered non-profit equine rescue facilities of 13,400 is well below the widely-published estimate of 100,000 horses that become unwanted in the US every year. Non-profit equine rescue and sanctuary facilities have historically played an important role in safeguarding the welfare of horses in society, but funding and capacity are limiting factors to their potential expansion in continuing to care for the current population of unwanted and neglected horses in the US.
Equine Sanctuary & Rescue Facility Guidelines (PDF: 46pp, 836KB)—by Gregory Ferraro, DVM; Carolyn Stull, MS, PhD; and John Madigan, MS, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM; published by the Center for Equine Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis.
The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine has developed a set of guidelines to help ensure that horses maintained within equine sanctuaries and rescue farms receive adequate and proper care. The guidelines address all issues related to sanctuary management and operations. They provide information on proper facility design construction and maintenance, suggestions for management and financial organization and instructions on the proper husbandry practices and health care necessary to ensure the successful operations of all types of sanctuary and rescue faciltiies. An evaluation checklist, based upon the content of the guidelines, is provided within the appendix to assist individuals who may be called upon to evaluate the quality of any such facility.
Transport
Researchers Find Benefit in Providing Horse Transport Breaks
—News release posted on "the Horse.com" (http://www.thehorse.com/ViewArticle.aspx?ID=12053) June 11, 2008, regarding the following scientific journal article:
Immunophysiological responses of horses to a 12-hour rest during 24 hours of road transport (PDF: 6pp, 96KB)
—The PDF contains a peer-reviewed clinical research paper published by the The Veterinary Record, the official journal of the British Veterinary Association. The article is copyrighted and posted by permission.
Physiology, Balance, and Management of Horses During Transportation (PDF: 11pp, 72KB)
—Proceedings, Horse Breeders and Owners Conference, Alberta, Canada, January 10-12, 1997. The conference was sponsored by Alberta Agricultural, Food and Rural Development.
Transporting Horses: Minimizing the Stress (PDF: 12pp, 912KB)
—The Horse Report, October 2003, published by the Center for Equine Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis
Additional References on Equine Transport
Stull, C.L. Responses of horses to trailer design, duration, and floor area during commercial transportation to slaughter. Journal of Animal Science 77:2925-2933.
Reece, V.P, T.H. Friend, C. L. Stull, T. Grandin, and T. Cordes. Equine slaughter transport-update on research and regulations. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 216(8): 1253-1258.
Stull, C.L. and A.V. Rodiek. Physiological responses of horses to 24 hours of transportation using a commercial van during summer conditions. Journal of Animal Science 78:1458-1466.
Stull, C.L. Review: Slaughter horse transportation-science, societal concerns, and legislation. The Professional Animal Scientist 16:159-163.
Stull, C.L. Evolution of the proposed federal slaughter horse transport regulations. Journal of Animal Science 79 (E. Suppl.):E12-E15.
Stull, C.L. and A.V. Rodiek. Effects of cross-tying horses during 24-h of road transport. Equine Veterinary Journal. 34(6):550-555.
Stull, C.L., S.J. Spier, B.M. Aldridge, M. Blanchard, and J.L. Stott. Immunologic response to long-term transport stress in mature horses and effects of adaptogenic dietary supplementation as an immunomodulator. Equine Veterinary Journal. 36(7):583-589.
Nutrition
The Aging Horse (PDF: 12pp, 592KB)
—The Horse Report, July 2006, published by the Center for Equine Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis
The Skinny on Carbohydrates and Body Size of Horses (PDF: 10pp, 72KB)
—Proceedings, 27th Annual Horse Breeders and Owners Conference, Alberta, Canada, January 9-11, 2008
Rehabilitation of the Starved Horse
Metabolic responses of chronically starved horses to refeeding three isoenergetic diets (PDF: 7pp, 496KB)
—JAVMA Vol. 212, No. 5, pps. 691-696, March 1998, Christine L. Witham, DVM, MPVM, and Carolyn L. Stull, MS, PhD
Nutrition for Rehabilitating the Starved Horse (PDF: 12pp, 892KB)
—The Horse Report, July 2003, published by the Center for Equine Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis
Managing Equine Neglect Cases (PDF: 8pp, 40B)
—By Carolyn Stull, MS, PhD
http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/vetext/animalwelfare/
Thanks for info
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